Pterygoplichthys pardalis

Pterygoplichthys pardalis, the Amazon sailfin catfish, is a freshwater tropical fish in the armored catfish family (Loricariidae). It is one of a number of species commonly referred to as the common pleco or 'leopard pleco' by aquarists. The species will grow to a maximum length of 49 centimetres (19 in) SL and reach a weight of 310 g. It is sometimes confused with the Hypostomus plecostomus (another armored catfish known as the 'common plecostomus'). The two species can be distinguished by their number of dorsal rays. P. pardalis has 11–13, while the H. plecostomus has only 5–8 dorsal rays. There is also an albino color variation of this species, usually referred to as an 'Albino Plecostomus'. The species is native to the Amazon River Basin of Brazil and Peru, preferring pH ranges of 7.0–7.5. It is a facultative air breather; although normally a bottom-dwelling fish, it has the ability to breathe air from the surface of the water during dry periods or when dissolved oxygen is too low. The Amazon sailfin catfish has been introduced to a number of countries outside its native range. It is recorded in the Marikina River in the Philippines and known as the 'janitor fish', where it has become a local pest and sold in bulk, in efforts to eliminate the fish.