Wind-turbine aerodynamics

The primary application of wind turbines is to generate energy using the wind. Hence, the aerodynamics is a very important aspect of wind turbines. Like most machines, there are many different types of wind turbines, all of them based on different energy extraction concepts. P = F → ⋅ v → {displaystyle P={vec {F}}cdot {vec {v}}}     (1) C P = P 1 2 ρ A V 3 {displaystyle C_{P}={frac {P}{{frac {1}{2}} ho AV^{3}}}}     (CP) C T = T 1 2 ρ A V 2 {displaystyle C_{T}={frac {T}{{frac {1}{2}} ho AV^{2}}}}     (CT) λ = U V {displaystyle lambda ={frac {U}{V}}}     (SpeedRatio) C L = L 1 2 ρ A W 2 {displaystyle C_{L}={frac {L}{{frac {1}{2}} ho AW^{2}}}}     (CL) C D = D 1 2 ρ A W 2 {displaystyle C_{D}={frac {D}{{frac {1}{2}} ho AW^{2}}}}     (CD) W → = V → − U → {displaystyle {vec {W}}={vec {V}}-{vec {U}}}     (RelativeSpeed) P = 1 2 ρ A C D ( U V 2 − 2 V U 2 + U 3 ) {displaystyle P={frac {1}{2}} ho AC_{D}left(UV^{2}-2VU^{2}+U^{3} ight)}     (DragPower) C P = C D ( λ − 2 λ 2 + λ 3 ) {displaystyle C_{P}=C_{D}left(lambda -2lambda ^{2}+lambda ^{3} ight)}     (DragCP) P = 1 2 ρ A U 2 + V 2 ( C L U V − C D U 2 ) {displaystyle P={frac {1}{2}} ho A{sqrt {U^{2}+V^{2}}}left(C_{L}UV-C_{D}U^{2} ight)}     (LiftPower) C P = C L 1 + λ 2 ( λ − γ λ 2 ) {displaystyle C_{P}=C_{L}{sqrt {1+lambda ^{2}}}left(lambda -gamma lambda ^{2} ight)}     (LiftCP)