Resveratrol

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts. Although it is used as a dietary supplement, there is no evidence that consuming resveratrol affects life expectancy or human health. There is no evidence of benefit from resveratrol in those who already have heart disease. A 2014 Chinese meta-analysis found a statistically significant 11.90 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure from resveratrol doses of 150 mg/day. As of 2014, there is no evidence of an effect of resveratrol on cancer in humans. There is no conclusive evidence for an effect of resveratrol on human metabolism. There is no evidence for an effect of resveratrol on lifespan in humans as of 2011. In a year long preliminary clinical trial in people with Alzheimer's disease, the most frequent adverse effects were diarrhea, weight loss, and nausea. A 2018 review of resveratrol effects on blood pressure found that some people had increased frequency of bowel movements and loose stools, and one person taking a 1000 mg daily dose developed an itchy rash. Resveratrol has been identified as a pan-assay interference compound, which produces positive results in many different laboratory assays. Its ability for varied interactions may be due to direct effects on cell membranes. As of 2015, many specific biological targets for resveratrol had been identified, including NQO2 (alone and in interaction with AKT1), GSTP1, estrogen receptor beta, CBR1, and integrin αVβ. It was unclear at that time if any or all of these were responsible for the observed effects in cells and model organisms.