Analysis paralysis

Analysis paralysis (or paralysis by analysis) describes an individual or group process when overanalyzing or overthinking a situation can cause forward motion or decision-making to become 'paralyzed', meaning that no solution or course of action is decided upon. A situation may be deemed as too complicated and a decision is never made, due to the fear that a potentially larger problem may arise. A person may desire a perfect solution, but may fear making a decision that could result in error, while on the way to a better solution. Equally, a person may hold that a superior solution is a short step away, and stall in its endless pursuit, with no concept of diminishing returns. On the opposite end of the time spectrum is the phrase extinct by instinct, which is making a fatal decision based on hasty judgment or a gut reaction.The Duke group has used the term 'analysis-paralysis' to point out that, if we wait until we have completely answered all the questions and solved all of the problems before training the personnel we need, we will never reach a solution. The insistent demands for further study and extensive evaluation suggested by some may only be a defense by those who do not wish to change or those who fear change. Analysis paralysis (or paralysis by analysis) describes an individual or group process when overanalyzing or overthinking a situation can cause forward motion or decision-making to become 'paralyzed', meaning that no solution or course of action is decided upon. A situation may be deemed as too complicated and a decision is never made, due to the fear that a potentially larger problem may arise. A person may desire a perfect solution, but may fear making a decision that could result in error, while on the way to a better solution. Equally, a person may hold that a superior solution is a short step away, and stall in its endless pursuit, with no concept of diminishing returns. On the opposite end of the time spectrum is the phrase extinct by instinct, which is making a fatal decision based on hasty judgment or a gut reaction. Analysis paralysis is when the fear of either making an error, or foregoing a superior solution, outweighs the realistic expectation or potential value of success in a decision made in a timely manner. This imbalance results in suppressed decisionmaking in an unconscious effort to preserve existing options. An overload of options can overwhelm the situation and cause this 'paralysis,' rendering one unable to come to a conclusion. It can become a larger problem in critical situations where a decision needs to be reached, but a person is not able to provide a response fast enough, potentially causing a bigger issue than they would have had they made a decision. The basic idea has been expressed through narrative a number of times. In one 'Aesop's fable' that is recorded even before Aesop's time, The Fox and the Cat, the fox boasts of 'hundreds of ways of escaping' while the cat has 'only one'. When they hear the hounds approaching, the cat scampers up a tree while 'the fox in his confusion was caught up by the hounds'. The fable ends with the moral, 'Better one safe way than a hundred on which you cannot reckon'. Related concepts are expressed by the Centipede's dilemma, how unconscious activity is disrupted by conscious thought of it, and by the tale of Buridan's ass, a paradox of rational decision with equal options. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the main character, Prince Hamlet, is often said to have a mortal flaw of thinking too much, such that his youth and vital energy are 'sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought'. Neema Parvini explores some of Hamlet's key decisions in the chapter ''And Reason Panders Will': Another Look at Hamlet's Analysis Paralysis'. Voltaire popularized an old Italian proverb in French in the 1770s of which an English variant is 'Perfect is the enemy of good.' The meaning of 'The perfect is the enemy of the good' is that one might never complete a task if one has decided not to stop until it is perfect: completing the project well is made impossible by striving to complete it perfectly. 'Analysis, paralysis' appeared together in an 1803 pronouncing dictionary and later editions stating how those words are pronounced similarly. The usage of rhyming words can make aphorisms sound more truthful and be more memorable by their usage of the rhyme-as-reason effect and ode mnemonics. In 1928 at the General Convention of the Episcopal Church, Reverend C. Leslie Glenn, National Secretary for College Work, spoke that the religious collegiate world was at risk of 'paralysis by analysis' from being too speculative instead of definitive, needing real work instead of investigations. During World War II, Winston Churchill, after hearing that the landing craft designers were spending the majority of their time arguing over design changes, sent this message: 'The maxim 'Nothing avails but perfection' may be spelt shorter: 'Paralysis.'' In 1956, Charles R. Schwartz wrote the article 'The Return-on-Investment Concept as a Tool for Decision Making' in Changing Patterns And Concepts In Management stating, 'We will do less guessing; avoid the danger of becoming extinct by instinct; and, by the adoption of one uniform evaluation guide, escape succumbing to paralysis by analysis.'