Thermalisation

In physics, thermalization (in Commonwealth English 'thermalisation') is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction. In general the natural tendency of a system is towards a state of equipartition of energy and uniform temperature that maximizes the system's entropy. Thermalization, thermal equilibrium, and temperature are therefore important fundamental concepts within statistical physics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics; all of which are a basis for many other specific fields of scientific understanding and engineering application.The process of equilibration can be described using the H-theorem or the relaxation theorem, see also entropy production.An active research area in quantum physics is systems that resist thermalization. Some such systems include: