Fireproofing

Fireproofing is rendering something (structures, materials, etc.) resistant to fire, or incombustible; or material for use in making anything fire-proof. It is a passive fire protection measure. 'Fireproof' or 'fireproofing' can be used as a noun, verb or adjective; it may be hyphenated ('fire-proof'). Fireproofing is rendering something (structures, materials, etc.) resistant to fire, or incombustible; or material for use in making anything fire-proof. It is a passive fire protection measure. 'Fireproof' or 'fireproofing' can be used as a noun, verb or adjective; it may be hyphenated ('fire-proof'). Applying a certification listed fireproofing system to certain structures allows them to have a fire-resistance rating. The term 'fireproofing' may be used in conjunction with standards, as reflected in common North American construction specifications. An item classed as fireproof is resistant in specified circumstances, and may burn or be rendered inoperable by fire exceeding the intensity or duration that it is designed to withstand. Asbestos was one material historically used for fireproofing, either on its own, or together with binders such as cement, either in sprayed form or in pressed sheets, or as additives to a variety of materials and products, including fabrics for protective clothing and building materials. Because the material was later proven to cause cancer in the long run, a large removal-and-replacement industry has been established. Endothermic materials have also been used to a large extent and are still in use today, such as gypsum, concrete and other cementitious products. More highly evolved versions of these are used in aerodynamics, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and re-entry vehicles, such as the space shuttles. The use of these older materials has been standardised in 'old' systems, such as those listed in BS476, DIN4102 and the National Building Code of Canada. In a building fire, structural steel loses strength as the temperature increases. In order to maintain the structural integrity of the steel frame, several fireproofing measurements are taken: Historically, these masonry encasement methods use large amounts of heavy materials, thus greatly increasing the load to the steel frame. Newer materials and methods have been developed to resolve this issue. The following lists both older and newer methods of fireproofing steel beams (i-beams): Among the conventional materials, purpose-designed spray fireproofing plasters have become abundantly available the world over. The inorganic methods include: The industry considers gypsum-based plasters to be 'cementitious', even though these contain no Portland, or calcium aluminate cements. Cementitious plasters that contain Portland cement have been traditionally lightened by the use of inorganic lightweight aggregates, such as vermiculite and perlite.