Carbon nanobud

In nanotechnology, a carbon nanobud is a material that combines carbon nanotubes and spheroidal fullerenes, both allotropes of carbon, in the same structure, forming 'buds' attached to the tubes. Carbon nanobuds were discovered and synthesized in 2006. In nanotechnology, a carbon nanobud is a material that combines carbon nanotubes and spheroidal fullerenes, both allotropes of carbon, in the same structure, forming 'buds' attached to the tubes. Carbon nanobuds were discovered and synthesized in 2006. In this material, fullerenes are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying nanotube. Consequently, nanobuds exhibit properties of both carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. For instance, the mechanical properties and the electrical conductivity of the nanobuds are similar to those of corresponding carbon nanotubes. However, because of the higher reactivity of the attached fullerene molecules, the hybrid material can be further functionalized through known fullerene chemistry. Additionally, the attached fullerene molecules can be used as molecular anchors to prevent slipping of the nanotubes in various composite materials, thus modifying the composite’s mechanical properties. Owing to the large number of highly curved fullerene surfaces acting as electron emission sites on conductive carbon nanotubes, nanobuds possess advantageous field electron emission characteristics. Randomly oriented nanobuds have already been demonstrated to have an extremely low work function for field electron emission. Reported test measurements show (macroscopic) field thresholds of about 0.65 V/μm, (non-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes have a macroscopic field threshold for field electron emission ~2 V/μm) and a much higher current density as compared with that of the corresponding pure single-walled carbon nanotubes. The electron transport properties of certain nanobud classes have been treated theoretically. The study shows that electrons indeed pass to the neck and bud region of the nanobud system. Canatu Oy, a Finnish company, claims the intellectual property rights for nanobud material, its synthesis processes, and several applications. Carbon nanobuds (CNBs) have some properties of carbon nanotubes such as one-dimensional electrical conductivity, flexibility and adaptability to manufacture while also having some chemical properties of fullerenes. Examples of these properties include engaging in cycloaddition reactions and can easily form the chemical bonds capable of attaching to other molecules with complex structures. CNBs have a much higher chemical activity than single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). This new structure has been shown to have electronic properties that differ from those of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNBs exhibit lower field thresholds and higher current densities and electric field emission than SWCNTs. The chemical bonds between the nanotube's wall and the fullerenes on the surface can lead to charge transfer between the surfaces. The presence of fullerenes in CNBs lead to smaller bundle formation and larger chemical reactivity. CNBs can engage in cycloaddiiton reactions and easily form the chemical bonds capable of attaching molecules with complex structures. this can be explained by a greater availability of CNB surface to the reactants the presence of π-conjugated structures, and having 5-atom rings with excess pirimidization energy. Formation energy indicated that preparation of CNBs is endothermic, meaning that it is not favorable to create. All CNBs are conducting, regardless of whether the single walled CNT is a metallic or semiconducting base. The band gap of carbon nanobuds is not constant, it can change through the size of the fullerene group. The attachment of C60 added to the armchair orientation of the SWCNT opens up the band gap. On the other hand, adding it to a semiconducting SWCNT could introduce impurity states to the band gap, which would reduce the band gap. The band gap of CNBs can also be modified by changing the density of the carbons of the C60 attached to the sidewall of the SWCNT. Geometrical factors are integral to study the magnetic properties of nanobuds. There are two structures of CNBs that are ferromagnetic in their ground state, and two that are nonmagnetic. The attached C60 molecule on the surface of the CNTs gives more space between the nanotubes and adhesion between the single walled CNTS can be weakened to prevent the formation of tight bundles of CNTs. Carbon nanobuds can be used as molecular support to prevent slipping of the matrix in composite materials and to increase the mechanical strength of them. The stability of CNBs is dependent on the type of carbon-carbon bond that is dissociated in the cycloaddition reaction. It has been shown that carbon atoms of the SWCNT near the fullerene C60 molecule were pulled outward from the original wall surface due to the covalent bonding with cycloaddition reaction between the fullerene and nanotube; in addition, their bonding was transformed from sp2 to sp3 hybridization. An analysis using Raman scattering spectroscopy shows that the CNB sample had stronger chemical modification compared to CNTs. This indicates that there is a carbon sp3 hybridization that occurs after the chemical addition creation of CNBs.