Vacuum Rabi oscillation

A vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation of an initially excited atom coupled to an electromagnetic resonator or cavity in which the atom alternately emits photon(s) into a single-mode electromagnetic cavity and reabsorbs them. The atom interacts with a single-mode field confined to a limited volume V in an optical cavity. Spontaneous emission results as a consequence of coupling between the atom and the vacuum fluctuations of the cavity field. The vacuum Rabi frequency is given by A vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation of an initially excited atom coupled to an electromagnetic resonator or cavity in which the atom alternately emits photon(s) into a single-mode electromagnetic cavity and reabsorbs them. The atom interacts with a single-mode field confined to a limited volume V in an optical cavity. Spontaneous emission results as a consequence of coupling between the atom and the vacuum fluctuations of the cavity field. The vacuum Rabi frequency is given by where R {displaystyle mathbf {R} } is the location of the atom, f ( R ) = exp ⁡ ( i k ⋅ R ) {displaystyle f(mathbf {R} )=exp(imathbf {k} cdot mathbf {R} )} for plane-wave fields, ϵ {displaystyle epsilon } is the field polarization, E = ( ℏ ω k / 2 ϵ 0 V ) 1 / 2 {displaystyle {mathcal {E}}=(hbar omega _{mathbf {k} }/2epsilon _{0}V)^{1/2}} is the electric field per photon, and p ⋅ ϵ {displaystyle mathbf {p} cdot epsilon } is the dipole matrix element.