Ferredoxin

Ferredoxins (from Latin ferrum: iron + redox, often abbreviated 'fd') are iron–sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. The term 'ferredoxin' was coined by D.C. Wharton of the DuPont Co. and applied to the 'iron protein' first purified in 1962 by Mortenson, Valentine, and Carnahan from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum.1bqxA:33-56 1bc6 :33-56 7fd1A:33-56 6fd1 :33-56 6fdrA:33-56 1frx :33-56 1gaoB:33-56 1b0tA:33-56 1b0vA:33-56 1fd2 :33-56 1fdd :33-56 1fer :33-56 1axq :33-56 1g6bA:33-56 2fd2 :33-56 1ff2A:33-56 1pc5A:33-56 7fdrA:33-56 1g3oA:33-56 1ftcA:33-56 1frm :33-56 5fd1 :33-56 1a6l :33-56 1frj :33-56 1fdb :33-56 1fri :33-56 1pc4A:33-56 1f5bA:33-56 1frh :33-56 1d3wA:33-56 1frk :33-56 1f5cA:33-56 1frl :33-56 1fda :33-56 1clf :31-54 1durA:28-51 1fca :30-53 1fdn :30-53 2fdn :30-53 1xer :77-100 1h7xA:946-969 1gteA:946-969 1h7wB:946-969 1gthA:946-969 1gt8A:946-969 1gx7A:28-51 1hfeL:28-51 1blu :2-25 1rgvA:2-25 1kqfB:126-149 1kqgB:126-149 1jb0C:4-27 1k0tA:4-27 1rof :3-26 1vjw :3-26 1dwlA:2-25 2pdaA:738-763 1b0pA:738-763 1kekA:738-763 1c4cA:183-206 1c4aA:183-206 1fehA:183-206 1l0vN:142-165 1kfyN:142-165 1kf6B:142-165 1jnrB:40-63 Ferredoxins (from Latin ferrum: iron + redox, often abbreviated 'fd') are iron–sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. The term 'ferredoxin' was coined by D.C. Wharton of the DuPont Co. and applied to the 'iron protein' first purified in 1962 by Mortenson, Valentine, and Carnahan from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum. Another redox protein, isolated from spinach chloroplasts, was termed 'chloroplast ferredoxin'. The chloroplast ferredoxin is involved in both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, ferredoxin is the last electron acceptor thus reducing the enzyme NADP+ reductase. It accepts electrons produced from sunlight-excited chlorophyll and transfers them to the enzyme ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase EC 1.18.1.2. Ferredoxins are small proteins containing iron and sulfur atoms organized as iron–sulfur clusters. These biological 'capacitors' can accept or discharge electrons, with the effect of a change in the oxidation state of the iron atoms between +2 and +3. In this way, ferredoxin acts as an electron transfer agent in biological redox reactions. Other bioinorganic electron transport systems include rubredoxins, cytochromes, blue copper proteins, and the structurally related Rieske proteins.