It is not surprising that male-associated markers are relatively abundant. In dioecious plants where sex chromosomes have not been identified, markers for maleness indicate either the presence of sex chromosomes which have not been distinguished by cytological methods or that the marker is tightly linked to a gene involved in sex determination.A male hemp plantDense raceme of female flowers typical of drug-type varieties of CannabisRoot system side viewRoot system top viewMicrograph C. sativa (left), C. indica (right)