Cryomodule

A cryomodule is a section of a modern particle accelerator composed of superconducting RF (SRF) acceleration cavities, and needs very low operating temperatures (around 2 kelvins). The cryomodule is a complex, state-of-the-art supercooled component in which particle beams are accelerated for scientific research. The niobium cavities are cooled with liquid helium.A cryomodule of International Linear Collider being tested at FermilabCross section of the cryomodule. A large tube at the center is Helium gas return pipe. The closed tube below it is the beam axis.A flange of the cryomodule is used to connect instrumentation wires and cables.An example of niobium-based 1.3 GHz nine-cell superconducting radio frequency to be put along the beam axis inside the cryomodule A cryomodule is a section of a modern particle accelerator composed of superconducting RF (SRF) acceleration cavities, and needs very low operating temperatures (around 2 kelvins). The cryomodule is a complex, state-of-the-art supercooled component in which particle beams are accelerated for scientific research. The niobium cavities are cooled with liquid helium. A cryomodule section of an accelerator is composed of normal conducting and superconducting cavities that accelerate the beam, also including a magnetic lattice that provides focusing and steering. SRF cavities tend to be thin-walled structures immersed in a bath of liquid helium having temperatures of 1.6 K to 4.5 K. Careful engineering is required to insulate the helium bath from the room-temperature external environment. This is accomplished by: