Anopheles flavirostris incriminated as a vector of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis in Banggi Island, Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract Seven villages in Banggi Island, Sabah, Malaysia, were surveyed four times to evaluate the roles of local mosquitoes as vectors of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis. 11 species of Anopheles were found biting man. 53·9% of the anophelines caught were An. flavirostris , 27·1% An. balabacensis , 6% An. donaldi and 4·2% An. subpictus . Infective malaria sporozoites, probably of human origin, were found in two of 336 An. flavirostris and 12 of 308 An. balabacensis . Sporozoites, probably of a non-human Plasmodium , were found in An. umbrosus . Nine of 1001 An. flavirostris and four of 365 An. balabacensis harboured L2 or L3 filarial larvae identified as those of Wuchereria bancrofti . This is the first record of An. flavirostris as a natural vector of malaria and W. bancrofti in Sabah.