Characteristics of the Alelle Pool and the Genetic Differentiation of Goats of Different Breeds and Their Wild Relatives by Str-Markers

Based on 16 STR-loci, the allele pool and interbreed differentiation of goat breeds of Russian and foreign breeding was studied, including: Karachai (KRCH_K, n=73, mountain zone; KRCH_Z, n=33, foothill zone), Dagestan Downy (DAGD, n=30), Dagestan Wool (DAGW, n=30), Soviet Wool (SOVW, =30), Saanen (SAAN, n=34), Murciano-Granadina (MURS, n=37), as well as wild goats, represented by three species of mountain goats (n=52): Siberian Capricorn (Capra sibirica) of Altai (CSIB_S, n=6), Tajikistan (CSIB_T, n=4), Kyrgyzstan (CSIB_K, n=6) and the Himalayas (CSIB_H, n=4); Bezoar goat (Capa aegagrus) of Turkey (CAEG, n=3) and Pakistan (CAEG_S, n=3); West Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica): western Caucasian (Kuban, CCAU_K, n=10), central Caucasian (CCAU_M, n=8) and eastern Caucasian (Dagestan, CCAU_D, n=8). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the North Caucasus breeds – Karachai, Dagestan Downy and Dagestan Wool. The mean number of alleles per locus and allelic diversity were 7.385–9.154 and 7.353–7.713, respectively. The genetic proximity of Caucasian breeds was confirmed by cluster analysis; they formed a common branch with highest genetic affinity, while the Orenburg and Soviet Wool breeds formed another branch, and the third least affined was the dairy breed of foreign selection. The analysis of the phylogenetic tree of domestic and wild species established the formation of three clusters: one formed by subspecies of the West Caucasian tur, the second – by Siberian ibex, and the third – by breeds of domestic goats. At the same time, populations of bezoar goats were localized at the root of the last cluster, which confirms their role as the ancestors of domestic goats.