Later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Almonda Karstic system, Torres Novas, Portugal

Abstract Later Middle Pleistocene archeological deposits of the Galeria Pesada (Gruta da Aroeira), Almonda Karstic System, Torres Novas, Portugal, yielded two archaic human teeth, a mandibular canine and a maxillary third molar. The C 1 presents moderate and asymmetrical shoveling with a stout root. The slightly worn M 3 exhibits at least four cusps with a large hypocone, three roots with large radicular plates, and an absence of taurodontism. They are moderately large for later Middle Pleistocene humans in their buccolingual crown diameters, although the M 3 mesiodistal diameter is modest. The C 1 exhibits labial calculus and multiple linear hypoplastic defects, but the M 3 is lesion free. Both teeth are morphologically similar to those of other Middle Pleistocene European humans and reinforce a pattern of dental hypertrophy among these archaic Homo .