Build Back Better, Even Before Disaster – Adaptive Design of Communicative Process, Place and Practice

Finally, we consider the Case of the Merapi Volcano region in Indonesia to establish the above points. (i) SMART Governance under Persistent Disruptive Stressors (PDS) proposed by Okada offers an effective new methodology for systematically studying B4 problems. (ii) For the purpose of actual practice and social implementation, we need to set up, then foster and repeatedly activate a communicative place, where participants meet openly, plan and act together step by step. (iii) The place can be very small in size, particularly at the start but needs to be adaptively designed and recreated though a communicative process. (iv) Yonmenkaigi System Method (YSM) serves as a useful media and tool for place-making and process design for involving stakeholders in making collaborative action development towards win–win solutions.