Use of a biostimulant obtained from okara in the bioremediation of a soil polluted by used motor car oil

Abstract In this manuscript we studied in the laboratory the bioremediation effects of a biostimulant obtained from okara by enzymatic hydrolysis processes in a soil polluted with used motor-car oil at a rate of 1% (w/w) over an 89-day period. The biostimulant was added to the soil 6 times during the incubation period at a rate of 2%. Dehydrogenase activity and the evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pseudo total heavy metals in soil were studied. The successive applications of the biostimulant to the polluted soil gradually increased PAHs degradation during the experimental period. Thus, at the end of the experiment, the application of the biostimulant decreased the concentration of naphthalene in soil by 74%, while PAHs with 3, 4, 5 and 6 aromatic rings had been reduced by around 58%, 44%, 30% and 23%, respectively. This degradation is possibly due to the high number of low molecular weight peptides (