Stretchable array of CdSe/ZnS quantum-dot light emitting diodes for visual display of bio-signals

Abstract Display devices that can visually present various bio-signals are a core future technology required for skin attachable wearable electronics. Quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LEDs), which can be used as high performance display devices, exhibit many advantages such as a narrow bandwidth, high color purity, high environmental stability, easy and fast processing, and a high brightness at low voltage. In this study, we report on the fabrication of a stretchable QD-LED array for the visual display of body movement and skin temperature signals from skin-attached sensors. After forming an array of a rigid NOA63 islands, an array of CdSe/ZnS QD-LEDs is fabricated on top of that island array and electrically connected using liquid metal Galinstan interconnections. Finally, the array of QD-LEDs on the NOA63 islands is transferred onto a stretchable elastomer substrate of Ecoflex/PDMS. Of particular importance, for stable performance of the QD-LEDs under deformation, in replacement of the conventionally used ITO, a flexible and highly transparent electrode of Au grid/Ethylene glycol doped PEDOT:PSS is used. Such a design architecture can minimize the strain applied to the QD-LEDs by concentrating the strain onto the soft elastomer film substrate and the Galinstan interconnections. As a result, the fabricated QD-LED array exhibits stable operation under both 50% uniaxial and 30% biaxial strains. After attachment of the stretchable QD-LED array onto skin, the extent of knee bending, and changes in skin temperature are displayed as changes in the pattern of the QD-LED array. This work demonstrates the potential application of our stretchable array of QD-LEDs for easy and daily monitoring of health conditions through a visual display.