New patterns of HIV‐1 resistance during HAART

HIV-1 resistance and subsequent virologic failure occur in a substantial proportion of HIV-infected patients receiving HAART regimens. In the present article, we summarize new data on resistance to current and forthcoming antiretroviral drugs which will help in the interpretation of the results of resistance tests and the individualization of therapy. Nucleoside analog mutations (NAMs) (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E) are associated with reduced susceptibility to most nucleoside analogs and the nucleotide tenofovir. This recently approved drug has shown a reduced virologic response in the presence of three or more NAMs, including M41L or L210W, as well as in the presence of T69 insertions. Hypersusceptibility (IC 50