Cold atoms in light fields: from free space optical lattices to multimode optical cavities
2012
The electromagnetic mode density of the vacuum can be dramatically
modified by the presence of an optical resonator. In the strong coupling
regime, spontaneous emission in a cavity becomes a reversible process and
the intracavity photon number undergoes Rabi oscillations. We load up
to 200x10^3 ^133Cs atoms into a nearly confocal lossy cavity and reach the
collective strong coupling regime. Normal mode splitting, the hallmark of this regime, is observed and cooperativities up to C_coll = (186±5) are measured. In a second experiment we investigate for the first time
the multi-mode character of the coupled cavity-atom system. In a confocal
cavity the higher-order transverse cavity modes are degenerate in frequency and accessible to the spontaneous emission of the atomic ensemble.
We observe an increase of the coupling constant measured via modal decomposed transmission analysis, which could be attributed to
the presence of the higher-order modes. Normal mode splitting proportional to the square root of the atom number was visible for all of the
different mode components. Furthermore, we observe a redistribution of the relative weights in the modal transmission composition, which scales with the atom number in the cavity mode.
In a second set of experiments, ^87Rb atoms were loaded into a dissipative
lin ⊥ lin lattice. By driving the lattice with a biharmonic force, transport can be observed when the systems symmetries are broken: the so called ratchet effect. Research in this area is concerned with the appearance
of current reversals. We were able to identify dissipation related symmetry breaking as the underlying cause of an observed current reversal, which occurs as a function of the driving frequency. Furthermore, in a
second experiment, we use the ratchet effect as a probe of the optical potential depths. We show that an oscillating force with a frequency far above any other system-inherent timescale, can be used to renormalize
the optical potential. The ^87Rb atoms experience an average position dependent force, which becomes controllable over the amplitude of the
applied driving.
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