Large chromosomal deletions and impaired homologous recombination repairing in HEK293T cells exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl 153

Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants with carcinogenesis and mutagenesis effects which have been closely associated with PCBs-induced DNA damage. However, the detailed DNA damage events and corresponding pathway alterations under PCBs poisoning is still not well understood. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to explore genome wide variations and related pathway changes in HEK293T cells that challenged by 15 µM PCB153 for 96 h in vitro. Double strand breaks (DSBs) were measured by 53BP1 foci detection, altered pathways were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results The results indicated that abundant copy number variations (CNVs), including four duplications and 30 deletions, occurred in PCB153-exposed HEK293T cells. Multiple large fragment deletions (>1 Mb) involving up to 245 Mb regions on many chromosomes. Missense mutations were found in six tumor susceptibility genes, two of which are key members participating in homologous recombination (HR) repair response, BRCA1 and BRCA2. RNA-seq data showed that PCB153 poisoning apparently suppressedHR repairing genes. Besides, 15 µM PCB153 exposure significantly increased 53BP1 foci formation and effectively reduced BRCA1, RAD51B and RAD51C expression, indicating an elevated DSBs and impaired HR repairing. Conclusion This study firstly reported multiple large chromosomal deletions and impaired HR repairing in PCB153-exposed HEK293T cells, which provided a new insight into the understanding of early response and the mechanism underlying PCB153 genotoxicity. The chromosomal instabilities might be related to the impaired HR repairing that induced by PCB153; however, further investigations, especially on actual toxic effects of human body, are needed to confirm such speculation.