Efecto del CO2 sobre el desarrollo de embriones somáticos de Coffea arabica L. cv. ‘Caturra rojo’ y Clematis tangutica K.

Studies to optimize somatic embryogenesis have traditionally focused on the components of the culture medium but little other in vitro environment factors have been analyzed such as the composition of the gaseous atmosphere. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of CO 2 on the development of the somatic embryo during the transition from the globular to the torpedo stage. The research was carried out on two model species for somatic embryogenesis that they are developed in different climatic zones: Coffea arabica L. cv. ‘Caturra rojo’ and Clematis tangutica K. Three CO 2 concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0%) combined with 21% O 2 and two controls (passive exchange and forced ventilation) were used. The effect of CO 2 on the differentiation of somatic embryos from globular to torpedo stage in coffee and clematis was demonstrated, since in the treatments with passive exchange, where there was accumulation of CO 2 , the differentiation of somatic embryos was superior to treatments with forced ventilation. With 5.0% CO 2 the process of differentiation of the embryos in the globular stage was stimulated, because in the treatment with this concentration of CO 2 for coffee and clematis the highest proportion of embryos in torpedo stages and low levels of malformation were obtained. Keywords: carbon dioxide, differentiation, in vitro environment, somatic embryogenesis