Cytokine gene activity in AML cells in vivo in patients

Abstract The proliferation of acute myelogenous leukemia cells is dependent upon cytokine stimulation. Additionally, there is a body of literature which reports that leukemia cells produce GMCSF, IL6, and other cytokines. The study reported here, using an rt-multiplex polymerase method, determined the presence or absence of transcripts in freshly obtained AML cells for the following cytokine or cytokine-related genes: IL 1 β , IL1ra, TNF α , GMCSF, IL6, flt 3, and hSCF. This demonstrated that leukemia cell populations usually contain transcripts for IL1 β , TNF α , flt 3 and flt 3 ligand in vivo and that transcripts for the other cytokines only appear after the leukemia cells are processed in vitro. The presence of TNF α transcripts appears to be associated with resistance to remission induction therapy. Furthermore, the transcript profile of the leukemia cells can change during remission induction therapy. The data also demonstrate the assessment of cytokine production by leukemia cells after in vitro manipulation should not be extrapolated to the in vivo situation.