Renewable sources based DC microgrid using hydrogen energy storage: Modelling and experimental analysis

Abstract A microgrid (µG) system can be operated in DC or AC modes using suitable power electronics interface which interconnect power generators, loads and energy storage mediums. It can be interesting to analyze the potential advantages of hydrogen storage-based DC µG system. In this study, a mathematical model is developed for the theoretical prediction of the performance in terms of energy analysis of overall system and charging/discharging characteristics of hydrogen storage unit in the µG. It is found that DC mode of operation of the µG significantly increases the performance and energy efficiency of overall system. A power management system (PMS) is designed which addresses the issues related to the integration of renewable power sources, stability of DC bus voltage, demand–supply balance, and load dynamics involved in the system. The designed PMS working shows that integration of the PV, FC, electrolyzer, and battery is suitable to meet the load demand in the transient operating conditions such as low and high PV power generation; and abrupt increase and decrease in the load demand. After simulation realization, a hardware prototype of PMS is designed and developed which validates its working.