Patterns of Neutral Genetic Variation for High-Value Cedar Species from the Subtropical Rainforests of Argentina

The genus Cedrela comprises endangered and highly valuable species in the forestry sector. Based on molecular genetics, we describe the natural distribution areas, ecological niches, and current state of four Cedrela species distributed in Argentina, in order to apply proper conservation strategies, guide germplasm collection, and design suitable seed orchards. Genetic variability patterns of C. angustifolia populations are associated with the latitudinal and altitudinal gradients of distribution, as well as with its selective logging history in the Yungas Rainforest; instead, genetic patterns of C. balansae were related to the short geographic distance among their populations and the high levels of historical gene flow between them. Molecular evidence of hybrid zones between C. balansae and C. saltensis in the Yungas Rainforest is presented together with their genetic patterns of variation and geographical delimitation of their altitudinal ranges. In addition, the molecular identification was used for the specific purification of clonal seed orchards of C. balansae. In the Alto Parana Rainforest, genetic variability of C. fissilis populations was evaluated. Strategies for use and conservation of Cedrela genetic resources are discussed.