Jatrorrhizine Hydrochloride Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Protects against Wear Particle-Induced Osteolysis

Wear particle-induced aseptic prosthetic loosening is a major complication associated with total joint arthroplasty (TJA). A growing body of evidence suggests that receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL)-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are responsible for peri-implant loosening. Thus, agents which attenuate excessive osteoclast differentiation and function have been considered to offer therapeutic potential for prolonging the life of TJA implants. Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride (JH), a major protoberberine alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Coptis chinensis, has been reported to have antimicrobial, antitumor, and antihypercholesterolemic and neuroprotective activities. However, its effects on osteoclast biology remain unknown. Here, we found that JH inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and exerted protection against titanium (Ti) particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that JH suppressed RANKL-induced activation of MAPKs (p38 and ERK) which down-regulated the production of NFATc1 and NFATc1-regulated osteoclastic marker genes, such as TRAP, CTR and CTSK. Collectively, our findings suggest that JH may be a promising anti-osteoclastogenesis agent for treating periprosthetic osteolysis or other osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases.