Transmission, Distribution deferral and Congestion relief services by Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EV) have the potential to support the electric grid with the aid of bi-directional charging technologies. EVs as mobile battery energy storage systems, can facilitate the integration of renewable energy and improve the operation of grid. An aspect of EVs that had been relatively underlooked is their ability to provide grid services pertaining to electrical equipment deferral and congestion relief. This article aims to investigate the potential value of EVs with V2G (Vehicle to Grid) capability to grid operators with respect to Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Deferral and Congestion Relief. This paper formulates the revenue for each EV participating in T&D deferral based on the service structure, and show the results in a case study. In addition this paper using Day-ahead market price data acquired CAISO, the nodes responsible for maximum possible expenditure due to congestion are estimated for various months in a year. These amounts could be negated using EVs as energy storage systems. An optimization program is run for all possible pairs of nodes to generate the EV schedule for maximum savings.