International Test Commission guidelines for test adaptation: A criterion checklist.

BACKGROUND To improve the quality of test translation and adaptation, and hence the comparability of scores across cultures, the International Test Commission (ITC) proposed a number of guidelines for the adaptation process. Although these guidelines are well-known, they are not implemented as often as they should be. One possible reason for this is the broad scope of the guidelines, which makes them difficult to apply in practice. The goal of this study was therefore to draw up an evaluative criterion checklist that would help test adapters to implement the ITC recommendations and which would serve as a model for assessing the quality of test adaptations. METHOD Each ITC guideline was operationalized through a number of criteria. For each criterion, acceptable and excellent levels of accomplishment were proposed. The initial checklist was then reviewed by a panel of 12 experts in testing and test adaptation. The resulting checklist was applied to two different tests by two pairs of independent reviewers. RESULTS The final evaluative checklist consisted of 29 criteria covering all phases of test adaptation: planning, development, confirmation, administration, score interpretation, and documentation. CONCLUSIONS We believe that the proposed evaluative checklist will help to improve the quality of test adaptation.