Targeting Plant Hormones to Develop Abiotic Stress Resistance in Wheat

Abiotic stresses comprising heat, drought, waterlogging, cold, salinity, and UV radiations are the main causes of many crop losses globally. Recently, avoiding these crop fatalities and production of more food to fulfill the requirement of increasing human need have extended extraordinary significance. Nevertheless, the proportion of agricultural land facing diverse abiotic stresses can be raised under a fluctuating global climate driven by anthropogenic activities. Identification of different mechanisms set up and used by plants to respond against abiotic stresses with their growth maintenance and survival under severe circumstances has great impact. Latest studies have revealed that plant hormones, e.g., auxins, ethylene, gibberellins, and cytokinins, with their innovative members that include brassinosteroids, strigolactones, and jasmonates may act as significant metabolic engineering objectives to induce abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This review condensed and analytically measured the functions of phytohormones in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance, in addition to the engineering of phytohormones to produce transgenic lines with abiotic stress tolerance. We have also discussed latest achievements for the identification of phytohormones involved under stressed conditions. Here we deduce the limitations and challenges for engineering phytohormones to produce transgenic lines having resistance against abiotic stresses by illustrating the recent research and progress to induce abiotic stress tolerance.