A stochastic decentralized model for the privately interactive operation of a multi-carrier energy system

Abstract Multi-carrier energy systems have received wide attentions due their flexibility and sustainable characteristics. Although these systems show significant efficiency in providing and consuming energy, the performance of the whole system can be degraded owing to uncertainties arising from different sources. This paper presents a stochastic decentralized model for considering the uncertainties of a system including different types of thermal and electrical private loads using a multi-agent framework. In other words, agents have private ownership and seek for social welfare as well as optimized personal profits. In the proposed model, the gradient projection method is used to implement a fully-decentralize energy trading model. Also, various stochastic scenarios of solar irradiance, prices, and loads are considered using the fast-forward selection algorithm to take into account the uncertainties. Then, to assess the proposed stochastic multi-agent model, “AnyLogic” is used for conducting the simulation studies. The numerical results show that the clearing price is directly affected by the renewable agent without any supervisory control. Moreover, the total operating cost of the considered multi-carrier energy system decreases by ∼7 % considering these uncertainties compared with a deterministic one. However, social welfare declines due to the intrinsically beneficial behavior in private cooperation.