Marine spongean polybrominated diphenyl ethers, selective growth inhibitors against the cancer cells adapted to glucose starvation, inhibits mitochondrial complex II

In the course of search for selective growth inhibitors against the cancer cells adapted to nutrient starvation, two polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (1) and 3,5-dibromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (2) were isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge of Dysidea sp. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the anti-proliferative activity against PANC-1 cells under glucose-starved conditions with IC50 values of 2.1 and 3.8 µM, respectively, whereas no growth inhibition was observed up to 30 µM in the general culture conditions. The further mechanistic analysis indicated that compound 1 might act mainly by inhibiting complex II in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.