Eastern and Western European policy on electricity infrastructure, interconnections and electricity exchanges

This paper focuses on the present and future state of the electric power sector, future development of European power systems interconnections and power exchanges, cooperation, and direction of reforming the industry. It discusses the deregulation process and experience in Scandinavia, electricity infrastructure in Hungary, challenges to the German electricity system as part of the western European interconnected system of the Union for the Coordination of Protection and Transmission of Energy (UCPTE), extension of European interconnections to the Black Sea and central African countries, together with the development of a Trans-European synchronized power system as seen from the East. It also examines the current situation and policy of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova taking into account the recently created new independent states (NIS).