Isopenicins A–C: Two Types of Antitumor Meroterpenoids from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Penicillium sp. sh18

Isopenicins A–C (1–3), three novel meroterpenoids possessing two types of unprecedented terpenoid-polyketide hybrid skeletons, were isolated from the cultures of Penicillium sp. sh18. Their structures were determined through synergetic use of extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum-chemical calculation with ANN–PRA analysis, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Additionally, the inhibitory activities of these compounds on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were evaluated, and 1 was identified as a potent inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway.