CO 2 Shipping - Export Terminal Design

After the CO2 has been captured, it must be transported to permanent storage to complete the CCS chain. The configuration of the chain, choice of capture technology, transport method and storage site) will vary from case to case. In this study, the CO2 is captured in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and transported to an import hub at Kollsnes on the west coast of Norway by shipping. The site from which the CO2is transported from is the export terminal, and encompasses the CO2 liquefaction, intermediate storage tank facility, and loading installation. Of these, especially the intermediate storage tank will be area demanding and could pose a challenge in cases where there is limited land area available, or the land purchase cost is high. Three different export terminal configurations have been investigated: onshore, combination of onshore and offshore, and offshore floating terminal. The investigation shows that there is potentially a high degree of flexibility regarding export terminal configuration as all three configurations are feasible. On sites where a fully onshore terminal is not possible other solutions are available. In the case of a fully offshore/near shore terminal parallels can be drawn to the LNG supply chain where floating processing terminals are gaining interest as it is reported to have several attractive advantages including lower cost and construction time.