Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Groundwater in Rural Area of Jiaodong Peninsula:A Case Study in Laiyang City, Shandong Province

Health risk assessments of heavy metal are significant for resident health.Concentrations of Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,and Cr in 31 groundwaters in rural areas of Laiyang City,Shandong Province were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES).The spatial distribution,sources and migration of the heavy metals in this area were studied,and health risk assessments in groundwaters were conducted using the US-EPA health risk assessment model.Results showed that Cr was not detected,and the concentrations of Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn and Cd were 0～59,23～905,29～50 700,3～2 999 and 0～1 μg/L respectively.According to drinking water standard of China,the exceeding standard rate of Zn,Mn and Fe were 22.58%,16.13% and 6.45%,far beyond the standard limits,while the concentration of Cu and Cd were lower than the standard.Average health risk values of non-carcinogenic pollutant Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn were 3.49×10-10,1.91 ×10-10,100.50 ×10-10,37.40 ×10-10a-1respectively,which were much lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP(5×10-5a-1)and by USEPA(1×10-4a-1). Nevertheless,the risk values of Zn and Mn were higher than some areas in China,suggesting their pollution in groundwater should be paid more attentions. The study would provide theoretical basis for deliberating of water pollution and prevention,and also give reference for monitoring and controlling heavy metals in other areas.