COMPLICAÇÕES E CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM RELACIONADOS À GASTROSTOMIA

Objective: to identify in the literature the main complications resulting from gastrostomy and to describe nursing care for people with this type of ostomy. Method: an integrative review, which made it possible to capture eight articles published from 2009 to 2018, in the database of the Virtual Health Library. Results: complications are classified as minor or local and major or systemic. The smallest are: local infection, obstruction of the tube, leakage of gastric contents, accidental removal and local bleeding; and the biggest ones: necrotizing fasciitis, aspiration pneumonia, perforation of the viscera and peritonitis, and the hidden bulkhead syndrome. The main precautions aiming at prevention are: use of skin protector, daily probe rotation and frequent washing of the probe. Conclusion: the literature showed that although it is a low-risk procedure, gastrostomy still presents complications, the prevention of which is directly related to the care supported by scientific evidence. However, at the same time that nurses have responsibility and capacity for effective intervention in this care, the study pointed out a gap in the scientific production of nursing, with regard to the care related to the patient undergoing gastrostomy.