Evaluation of Groundwater Recharge based on Climate Change: A Case Study at Baung’s Watershed, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
2020
The soil water assessment tool (SWAT) is a continuous and distributed hydrologic model created to simulate the
effect of land management practices on water in the watershed. Understanding relationship of water extraction of
groundwater can lead to better watershed management. The main problem in this study is the complexity of recharge
processes and limited observations in groundwater recharge in Malaysia makes it difficult to quantify. This study was
done at Baung’s watershed (BW) which can be considered as an ungauged watershed. The estimation of groundwater
recharge in BW was done using SWAT. However, BW cannot be calibrated due to lack of streams station availability
but the uncalibrated SWAT able to provide satisfactory predictions on hydrologic budget. A framework for SWAT
input data including hydrography, terrain, land-use, soil, and weather for BW was then focused in order to achieve
the model simulation for ungauged basins. The results emphasize the importance and prospects of using accurate
spatial input data for the physically based SWAT model. Normal condition, extreme-low precipitation and future in
land-use development represented as scenarios 1, 2, and 3 were evaluated in this study. These conditions give different
groundwater recharge rate as different scenarios give different impact to groundwater. Model was found to produce a
reliable estimation of groundwater recharge of 405 mm/year (14.6%), 194.12 mm/year (11.1%), and 214.23 mm/year
(7.7%) for scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In conclusion, it suggested that groundwater recharge should not be
assumed always 6% of annual rainfall in Malaysia as the factors influencing groundwater recharge need to be took
into consideration in assisting groundwater exploration and management.
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