Systematic review and meta-analysis: the association of a pre-illness Western dietary pattern with the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease.

2020 
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have presented controversial results between Western diet and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to evaluate the role of a pre-illness Western dietary pattern in the development of IBD. METHODS Western dietary pattern was defined as a dietary pattern that met two of the following characteristics, either with increased intake of refined grains, red and processed meat, animal protein, animal fats, high-fat dairy products, or with low consumption of fruit and vegetables. Four medical databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to identify all relevant references. Risk estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Nine studies (seven case-control studies and two prospective cohorts) were included, with a total of 1491 IBD cases and 53 270 controls. A Western dietary pattern was associated with a risk of all IBD (relative risk [RR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.37-2.68) and separately with CD (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01-2.93) and UC (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.38-3.34). Subgroup analysis by region showed that Western dietary pattern was associated with the risk of CD and UC for studies performed in Europe (RR 2.25, 95% CI 1.44-3.50 for CD; RR 2.65, 95% CI 1.61-4.36 for UC). The pooled RR was 2.26 (95% CI 1.42-3.59) in the pediatric CD subgroup. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that a Western dietary pattern might increase the risk of CD and UC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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