Analytical techniques used for condition assessment of a late period mummy

Abstract Animal mummies from ancient Egypt are not extensively studied in comparison with human mummies. Dogs mummies were very rare in ancient Egypt, and at the same time were not adequately studied by researchers from conservation point of view. Dog mummy in the present study is dated back to late period (664−333 BC.) and is preserved in the agriculture museum (Egypt). It suffers from different aspects of deterioration such as dirt, holes, wrinkles, missing tissue, accumulated dust, etc. This study aims to evaluate the preservation state of the mummy and explain the deterioration mechanisms to help the conservators later to choose the appropriate materials and methods for the conservation treatment. The analytical techniques used were Auto-Cad, scanning electron microscope (SEM), determination of moisture content, pH measurement, amino acid analysis (AAA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffracion analysis. The results obtained showed different forms of deterioration. Moisture content measurement proved that the mummy was dehydrated. The pH measurement of the mummy components is in acid level. FTIR and amino acid analysis proved that the mummy have been exposed to oxidation process. The analysis by XRF, ICP-MS and XRD proved that bone of the mummy suffered from deterioration.