4-nonilfenol: efectos, cuantificación y métodos de remoción en aguas superficiales y potables

The emergent contaminants are a group of non-regulated substances with low concentrations that cause irreversible damage to ecosystems and have been mostly identified as endocrine disruptors, so have gained great interest in the last 20 years. To mitigate its impact and presence in ecosystems, alternatives have been proposed to achieve their removal, such as adsorption, electrocoagulation, membrane filtration and advanced oxidation processes (AOP). 4- nonylphenol (4-NF) is used as a precursor in the manufacture of nonionic surfactants for use in detergents, dispersing, emulsifying, pesticide formulations, paints and personal care products, so its main access road to the environment it is by sewage, however, has become increasingly important environmental level, by various effects generated when entering aquatic ecosystems and the variety of isomers which can be found in the environment. In this review information about some physicochemical properties of 4-NF, toxicity, quantification method considering analytical and instrumental conditions, and methods of removal is collected.