Disease management in organic apple orchards is more than applying the right product at the correct time.

The relative importance of diseases on apple is varying with cultivar, management, time, and climate. Many aspects of the cropping system influence the development of diseases. The choice of the variety determines the disease management during the lifetime of the orchard. Cultural practices improve the growth and nutrial status of the tree, and therewith influence the susceptibility of the plant and fruits to diseases directly. Prolonged growth can also have an indirect effect by causing a microclimate and growing pattern that favours infection of tree, leafs and fruits by various diseases. Sanitation measures are common practise for most organic fruit growers and help to make other measures more effective by reducing infection inoculums. Despite all preventive measures, disease control in organic orchards at an economically feasible level still largely depends on the application of fungicides. Measures that allow reduction of fungicidal applications on key diseases, lead to the development of a secondary disease complex that can cause severe losses when not managed effectively and make a well thought-out control strategy necessary. In research, advisory and practical decision making, disease management in organic orchards should always be seen in the perspective of the management of the total growing system. With all factors that contribute to disease management in organic orchards optimized, we are able to successfully implement new materials and methods that may not be as effective as common fungicides in themselves, but add to the effectiveness of the disease management system as a whole. This total system approach makes organic fruit growing what it is.