Parasites of Boa constrictor (Squamata: Boidae) captive in Colima, Mexico and their pathological effects

The main objectives of this study were to report the parasites found in 16 Boa constrictor Linnaeus, 1758 captive in the Environmental Management Unit “El Palapo” Colima, Mexico, from 2013 to 2015, as well as to describe their pathological effects. All snakes had at least a parasite infection or a metabolic alteration. The parasites recorded include 1 Ascomycota ( Aspergillus sp.); 1 Actinobacteria ( Mycobacterium sp.); 2 Apicomplexa ( Hepatozoon sp. and Cryptosporidium sp.); 1 cestode ( Crepidobothrium sp.); 1 nematode ( Macdonaldius oschei Chabaud et Frank, 1961); and 3 Arthropoda [ Ophionyssus natricis (Gervais, 1844), Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 (Acari) and Porocephalus sp. (Maxillopoda)]. The pathological effects recorded consisted of: visceral gout (in 31.2% of the snakes); granulomatous pneumonia (12.5%); erythrocytic hypertrophy (25%); heterophilic gastritis (18.7%) and enteritis (25%); heterophilic thrombosis and vasculitis (6.25%); heterophilic dermatitis (25%), and finally, focal pneumonitis (6.25%). The captivity of these snakes, without the support of preventive medicine, should be considered as a risk factor for the manifestation or exacerbation of metabolic and infectious pathologies.