Consequences of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on Single Leg Squat Performance in Youth.

2020 
OBJECTIVE: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affects body structure and function outcomes that may increase the risk of acute joint injury. This study examined single leg squat (SLS) biomechanics for youth with JIA and their healthy (CON) peers. STUDY DESIGN: Matched pair cohort study. METHODS: Sixty-five youth (JIA n=30; CON n=35) participated in this ethics approved study. Participants performed 3 sets of 5 consecutive SLSs. Disease activity and functional status were assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score and Child Health Assessment Questionnaire. Indexed [IL; most-affected leg (JIA); dominant leg (CON)] and contralateral limb biomechanics were obtained using a 12-camera system (Motion Analysis, USA). Outcomes included hip flexion/extension (FE), adduction/abduction (AA), and internal/external (IE) rotation range of motion (ROM). Data were analyzed using a multivariate random coefficient model in R (v3.5.0, R Core Team, Austria, ⍺=0.05). RESULTS: 29 matched pairs were analyzed. Youth with JIA had low disease activity and performed the SLS with a more internally rotated hip (IL p=0.023 β=-1.9). Females displayed greater hip FE (IL p=0.015 β=-4.3; CL p=0.005 β=-4.8) and IE ROM (IL p=0.021 β=-2.1) than males. Associations were observed for body mass index and hip IE ROM (CL p=0.001 β=-0.4), knee flexion angle and hip FE (IL p=0.001 β=0.4; CL p=0.001 β=0.5) and AA (IL p=0.010 β=0.1; CL p=0.002 β=0.2) ROM. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified functional alterations for a SLS in youth with JIA. These findings support the use of physiotherapy, as part of a multidisciplinary management approach, to restore normal hip posture and movement.
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