Psychrophiles as the Source for Potential Industrial Psychrozymes

Temperature is one of the foremost imperative environmental factors for life because it impacts most biochemical response. It has directly accompanied by the changes in gene expression, membrane fluidity, protein conformation and stability reaction kinetics. During the past two decades, studies on low-temperature organisms have been accelerating the interest in research of multicellular vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria and algae from deep sea, ocean, glaciers and Polar regions. These psychrozymes have shown high catalytic activity at low and moderate temperatures. The research on cold-active enzymes mostly concentrates on pharmaceuticals uses, food processes technology, bioremediation and antifreeze proteins. This present study focused on the briefing of the residual modification and structural changes for the adaptation of the psychrozymes. In details, we discussed the molecular strategy for cryo-defense by psychrophilic bacteria and their potential industrial applications. Thus it will be assumed that in the near future the psychrophiles would be a potent source for cold-active enzymes and might be used for the cost-effective production of the industrial important biocatalyst.