A REVIEW ON GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or HCC) is also referred to as Primary liver cancer. It is states as fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women globally, and it is the third leading cause of death. It has been proved that Chronic hepatitis virus infection, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), Alcohol, Aflatoxin, male gender, and liver cirrhosis have been shown to be the major risk factors for HCC. The risk of HCC is also influenced by genetic history. Genetic association studies are essential for epidemiological investigations since they can classify candidate genome regions linked to specific diseases. Genetic variation is commonly represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The existence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been linked to the development of HCC in numerous studies. Liver carcinogenesis is a complex and multi- factorial process, in which both environmental and genetic features interfere and contribute to malignant transformation. However, large genetic epidemiology studies in the field of cancer diseases have suggested the limited ability of polymorphic traits, alone, to refine individual prognosis. Several decades of intense research have generated large amounts of data on the genetic susceptibility of HCC, yet the empirical findings have been mixed and inconclusive regarding HCC susceptibility related to SNPs. More studies with large sample sizes, detailed data regarding established risk factors for HCC.