Systemic nicotinoid toxicity against the predatory mirid pilophorus typicus: Residual side effect and evidence for plant sucking
2011
The predatory mirid Pilophorus typicus (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a potential biological control agent against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), but the sucking for host plant is unknown. To investi gate collaboration use of P. typicus and nicotinoid granules and to confirm the sucking for pepper plant, resid ual harmful toxicity of 4 nicotinoids: acetamiprid; imidacloprid; nitempyram; and thiamethoxam on P. typi- cus adult were investigated at 7, 14 21, 28 and 35 d after treatment of the nicotinoid granules. The sys temic toxicity of these nicotinoids was found to be moderately or seriously harmful. The residual toxicity was persistent for 35 d after application at the growing points of the pepper plant. The mortality of P. typicus due to the 4 nicotinoids was significantly higher than that due to the control treatment, which indicated that P. typicus sucked the active ingredient of the nicotinoid granules along the nutrition and/or water from the growing point of pepper plant. For this reason, P. typicus will be one of zoophytophagous mirids.
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