Survey design and extent estimates for the National Lakes Assessment

AbstractThe US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) conducted a National Lakes Assessment (NLA) in the conterminous USA in 2007 as part of a national assessment of aquatic resources. The EPA used the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) as the basis for the sample frame for the NLA. The target population was all lakes >4 ha, excluding the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Salt Lake. An unequal probability survey design was used to select 4472 candidate lakes for potential sampling. The unequal selection depended on 5 lake area classes and 9 aggregated Omernik level III ecoregions. In all, 2034 candidate lakes were evaluated for inclusion in the target population, and 1309 lakes (representing ∼68,000 lakes in the sample frame) met the criteria. A total of 1028 lakes (of 1309) were sampled and represented ∼50,000 lakes. The remaining lakes (231, representing ∼18,000 lakes) could not be sampled because of access denial or physical inaccessibility. The target population included natural (41 ± 2% [SE]) and...