Efficient thermoelectric van der Pauw measurements

The development of powerful thermoelectric materials requires fast and simple characterization techniques. We combine three measurements to obtain a complete thermoelectric characterization. The electrical conductivity is measured by the van der Pauw method, while ZT is determined directly by means of a Harman measurement. Finally, exploiting the analogy between electrical and thermal physics, a thermal van der Pauw measurement is performed and the sample Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity can be determined. No temperature differences need to be measured; all quantities can be deduced from voltage measurements concurrently on the same sample which allows for quick and convenient material screening.