Pumping systems for transferring high-viscosity oils. Summary report, Feb-May 1974

This report summarizes the result of investigating the problems associated with the emergency off-loading of high viscosity oils from damaged or sunken tankers. The design constraints imposed by the oil properties and tanker characteristics were investigated and small scale verification tests were conducted. Various pumping techniques were evaluated in terms of energy efficiency, capacity, and ease of deployment. Two different systems are recommended, one for low viscosity applications and one for high viscosity applications.