GM Technology and Fiber Traits

Cotton fiber quality is a complex trait which is influenced by environmental stresses. Breeding alone is not found up to the mark to get the desired fiber quality. Combination of approaches to bring all fiber quality traits through gene pyramiding can only be attained by genetic modification followed by breeding. Genetic modification is increasingly being used in biotechnology. Improved cotton fiber quality is always preferred by the textile industry. Researchers are working hard to reveal genes involved in controlling various fiber characteristics; resultantly several genes have been identified. Studies determined the effects of variation in expression of fiber-related genes transcription factors, and genes expressing phytohormones can have its impact on altering the fiber quality. Introduction of single gene cannot impart the desired results, but combination of fiber-related genes and transcription factor controlling gene expression can be useful strategy for fiber improvement. This chapter highlights the structure and composition of fiber at various developmental stages and also the impact of transgene in improving fiber traits.