Biological Responses of Algal Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides: An Emphasis on Cancer Prophylaxis

The adversities in the radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer have led the hunt for novel anticancer agents with minimal side effects. Extensive research is currently going on this aspect which deals with the antiproliferative potential of biological and/or synthetic compounds. Phytochemicals of terrestrial and marine origin has gained attention due to their comparatively lesser side effects and compatibility with human systems. Still the potential of polymeric biomolecules like heteropolysaccharides especially from algal origin remain to be explored in its molecular level. Sulfated polysaccharides, which form structural components, from marine algae possess several promising biological activities which include anticancer ability. Even though these anionic saccharides exhibits cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, the actual mechanism involved is still an enigma. This review highlights on various biological responses of algal derived sulfated polysaccharides with a focus on their anticancer effects. The article also correlates and synchronizes the projected mechanisms evoked by sulfated polysaccharides for arresting the proliferation of cancer cell and also validates the possibility of using sulfated polysaccharides in cancer therapy.